International Gateways     " Typically, African governments restrict international links to the incumbent telecom" " Exceptions: D. R. Congo, Mozambique, Nigeria, Tanzania, Zambia (but no longer Uganda) " Attempt to tie as much traffic as possible to the international PSTN settlement regime " Result is very high international tariffs, lack of redundancy & single points of failure " Surveillance / interception is not a serious rationale " Recommendation: Loosen up